Science

UN Ocean Treaty Talks Resume With Goal To Save Biodiversity

Published

2 years ago

2023-02-19

Kiara Grace

United Nations members gather in New York on Monday to resume efforts to forge a long-awaited and elusive treaty to protect the world’s marine biodiversity.

On the high seas, nearly two-thirds of the ocean is outside national borders, where fragmented and unevenly enforced rules seek to minimize human impacts.

The United Nations meetings, which will last until March 3, aim to produce a unified agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of those vast marine ecosystems. The talks, formally known as the Intergovernmental Conference on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, resume talks that were halted last fall due to a lack of agreement on a final treaty.

“The ocean is our planet’s life support system,” said Boris Worm, a marine biologist at Canada’s Dalhousie University. “We didn’t feel we had much impact on the high seas for a long time. But that has changed as deep sea fishing, mining, plastic pollution, climate change, and other human disturbances have increased.

The United Nations talks will center on key issues such as who should draw the boundaries of marine protected areas and how. How should institutions evaluate the environmental consequences of commercial activities like shipping and mining? And who has the authority to enforce the rules?

An Agreement Is Urgently Needed To Save The Oceans And Our Planet

“This is our largest global commons,” said Nichola Clark, an oceans expert for the nonpartisan Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C. “We are optimistic that the next round of negotiations will result in a treaty being signed.”

The talks’ goal is not to designate marine protected areas but to create a mechanism for doing so. “The goal is to create a new organization that will accept submissions for specific marine protected areas,” Clark explained.

According to marine biologist Simon Ingram of the University of Plymouth in England, an agreement is urgently needed. “It’s a pressing time for this, especially with things like deep-sea mining that could be a real threat to biodiversity before we’ve even surveyed and understood what lives on the ocean floor,” Ingram said.

Experts believe a global oceans treaty is required to enforce the United Nations Biodiversity Conference’s recent pledge to conserve 30% of the planet’s oceans and land.

“We need a legally binding framework that allows countries to work together to achieve these agreed-upon goals,” said Jessica Battle, an oceans governance expert at the World Wide Fund for Nature.

United Nations Is Working Hard To Keep Peace And Protect The World

According to Monica Medina, Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, the treaty is a priority for the United States. “For the first time, this agreement seeks to establish a coordinated approach to establishing marine protected areas on the high seas,” she explained. “It’s time to complete the task.”

Officials, environmentalists, and representatives of global industries that rely on the sea are all keeping a close eye on the negotiations.

Gemma Nelson, a Samoan lawyer and Ocean Voices fellow at the University of Edinburgh, stated that small Pacific and Caribbean island countries were “especially vulnerable to global ocean issues” such as pollution and climate change, which they did not cause and did not have the resources to easily address.

“Getting the traditional knowledge of local people and communities recognized as valid,” she added, is also critical to protecting ecosystems and Indigenous groups’ ways of life.

With high seas covering nearly half of the planet’s surface, the talks are critical, according to Gladys Martnez de Lemos, executive director of the nonprofit Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense, which focuses on environmental issues in Latin America.

“The treaty should be strong and ambitious, with authority to establish high and fully protected high seas zones,” she said. “At the United Nations these weeks, half of the world is at stake.”

SOURCE – (AP)

Science

Canadian Researchers Look to Plants for Bacterial Infections

Published

3 weeks ago

2024-11-30

Geoff Brown

These plants are being studied for their effectiveness in battling bacterial infections

Canadian researchers are exploring novel techniques with plants to address major difficulties caused by bacterial infections, such as using antibacterial plants to control bacteria in poultry meat.

Antibiotics have been routinely used in poultry farming to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic overuse has resulted in the rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, endangering both animal and human health.

This has pushed scientists to investigate alternative methods of controlling bacterial infections in chickens, Agrinews Group reports.

Researchers in Canada are investigating the antibacterial properties of native plant extracts. Rumex and Potentilla are two distinct plants that have proven potential.

These plants are being studied for their effectiveness in battling bacterial infections such as Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC), a common cause of chicken sickness.

Rumex and Potentilla fight bacterial infections.

Dr. Sophie Kernéis-Golsteyn, a microbiologist at Lethbridge Polytechnic in Alberta, leads a 2.5-year Egg Farmers of Canada program.

Since 2016, her team has been testing native plants for antibacterial properties, collecting 150 samples. Rumex and Potentilla extracts are highly effective at protecting chickens from bacterial diseases.

These plants’ antibacterial properties are attributed to their ability to increase beneficial microbiota and stimulate the production of digestive enzymes. These botanical extracts reduce inflammation, strengthen the immune system, and improve overall productivity in poultry.

The use of antimicrobial flora in avian husbandry has many benefits. First, it reduces reliance on antibiotics, lowering the danger of antibiotic resistance.

Furthermore, it improves chicken health and well-being by boosting their immune response and digestive function. Finally, it aligns with client preferences for organic and sustainable agriculture practices.

While the potential benefits are significant, there are some drawbacks to consider. The efficiency of plant extracts may vary based on factors such as extraction technique, dosage, and the bacterial strains involved.

Furthermore, more research is required to fully understand the long-term impacts of using these plants in poultry production. The study of antimicrobial plants for bacterial control in chickens is a promising field of research in Canada.

Researchers are looking for effective and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. One strategy is to leverage the natural properties of plants such as Rumex and Potentilla. This strategy reduces antibiotic resistance and improves the overall health and productivity of chicken farms.

Mexico Wants US To Finance 4 Wind Power Plants

Science

Australia Asks Residents to Catch Deadly Funnel Web Spider

Published

1 month ago

2024-11-20

Geoff Brown

As summer approaches in Australia, residents are warned to look out for the funnel web spider, one of the country’s deadliest species.

In addition to advising the public to avoid funnel-web spiders during mating season, the Australian Reptile Park in New South Wales has even asked people to capture live funnel-web spiders so they can “milk” their venom.

Native to eastern Australia, the funnel web spider can kill humans in as little as fifteen minutes if they do not receive medical treatment for its poisonous bite.

There have been thirteen fatalities attributable to this species, but none since the development of antivenom in 1981. The Australian Reptile Park is appealing to the public for assistance capturing and donating spiders, as the serum relies on milking live spiders.

Hunting for the funnel net spider in residential areas is common practice after a particularly wet and warm season. Look for spiders in cool, dark places like pools, garden residue, heaps of dirty clothing, and outside shoes.

Australian Reptile Park spider keeper Emma Teni recently blogged about how they rely on spider donations more than ever, especially now that breeding season has arrived and the temperature is perfect.

“Male funnel-web spiders have short lifespans, and with approximately 150 spiders required to make just one vial of antivenom, we need the public’s help to ensure we have enough venom to meet demand.”

“If you spot an egg sac while collecting a spider, it’s important to safely collect that as well,” said Teni. “It can provide a robust supply of healthy young spiders to aid in our antivenom production.”

The spiders won’t be able to climb plastic or glass, but Teni suggests capturing funnel webs in a wide-mouthed jar with a cover. Then, you can lead the spiders into the container using a long spoon or something similar.

After that, fill the jar with moist soil, screw on the top, and bring it to the designated drop-off spot.

“We depend on the public for spider donations, and we want to make sure everyone stays safe during the collection process, especially with conditions being so favourable this year,” said Teni.

Trudeau Orders Facebook to Block Presser Video from Australia

Trudeau Orders Facebook to Block Australian Presser Video

Science

A Spacecraft Is On Its Way To A Harmless Asteroid Slammed By NASA In A Previous Save-The-Earth Test

Published

2 months ago

2024-10-10

Kiara Grace

CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida – A spacecraft launched Monday to probe the site of a cosmic accident.

The European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft launched on a two-year trip to the little, harmless asteroid slammed by NASA two years ago as a practice run for the day when a murderous space rock threatens Earth. It’s the second phase of a planetary defense experiment that could one day save the globe.

SpaceX’s Falcon rocket vanished with Hera into the late morning clouds. An hour later, cheering erupted in the control center in Germany as the spacecraft split from the rocket’s upper stage and returned home. “It’s an amazing day,” the space agency’s director general, Josef Aschbacher, said later.

The 2022 crash of NASA’s Dart spacecraft reduced Dimorphos’ orbit around its larger companion, indicating that if a harmful rock was heading our way, it might be pushed off course with adequate warning.

nasa

A Spacecraft Is On Its Way To A Harmless Asteroid Slammed By NASA In A Previous Save-The-Earth Test

Scientists are eager to analyze the aftermath of the impact up close to determine how effective Dart was and what improvements may be required to protect Earth in the future.

“The more detail we can glean the better as it may be important for planning a future deflection mission should one be needed,” University of Maryland astronomer Derek Richardson stated before launch.

Researchers want to know if Dart (short for Double Asteroid Redirection Test) created a crater or changed the 500-foot (150-meter) asteroid more dramatically. It seemed to be a flying saucer before Dart’s blow and may now resemble a kidney bean, according to Richardson, who participated in the Dart mission and is assisting Hera.

Dart’s wallop sent rubble and boulders hurtling off Dimorphos, adding to the impact’s momentum. For months, the debris track extended thousands of miles (almost 10,000 kilometers) into space.

According to flight director Ignacio Tanco, some rocks and debris may still be hovering about the asteroid, posing a threat to Hera.

A Spacecraft Is On Its Way To A Harmless Asteroid Slammed By NASA In A Previous Save-The-Earth Test

“We don’t really know very well the environment in which we are going to operate,” Tanco informed me. “But that’s the whole point of the mission is to go there and find out.”

European authorities refer to the $400 million (363 million euros) effort as a “crash scene investigation.”

“Hera is going back to the crime scene and getting all the scientific and technical information,” said project manager Ian Carnelli.

Carrying a dozen science instruments, the compact car-sized Hera must swing past Mars in 2025 for a gravitational boost before landing at Dimorphos by the end of 2026. It’s a moonlet of Didymos, the Greek word for twin, a five-times larger asteroid that spins quickly. At that point, the asteroids will be 120 million miles (195 million kilometers) from Earth.

Hera will attempt to enter orbit around the rocky duo, progressively reducing flyby distances from 18 miles (30 kilometers) to a half-mile (1 kilometer). The spacecraft will examine the moonlet for at least six months to determine its mass, shape, composition, and orbit around Didymos.

Before the crash, Dimorphos circled its larger partner from three-quarters of a mile (1,189 meters) away. Scientists believe the orbit has become tighter and more oval-shaped, and that the moonlet may be tumbling.

Two shoebox-sized Cubesats will launch from Hera for even closer drone-like examinations, with one employing radar to peek beneath the moonlet’s boulder-strewn surface. Scientists believe Dimorphos was produced from particles shed by Didymos. The radar measurements should assist in determining whether Didymos is the small moon’s parent.

A Spacecraft Is On Its Way To A Harmless Asteroid Slammed By NASA In A Previous Save-The-Earth Test

After their survey, the CubeSats will attempt to land on the moonlet. If the moonlet tumbles, the situation will become more complicated. Hera may potentially conclude its mission with a perilous touchdown but on the bigger Didymos.

Neither asteroid poses a threat to Earth, before or after Dart appeared. That is why NASA chose the pair for humanity’s first asteroid-deflecting demonstration.

Asteroids, which are remnants of the solar system’s origin 4.6 billion years ago, circle the sun principally between Mars and Jupiter in what is known as the main asteroid belt, where millions of them live. When they fall from the belt and land in our area, they become near-Earth objects.

NASA now has around 36,000 near-Earth objects, the majority of which are asteroids, although there are also some comets. More than 2,400 of them are deemed potentially dangerous to the Earth.

SOURCE | AP